The trademark registration process in Pakistan is governed by the Trade Marks Ordinance, 2001 and related regulations. The authority responsible for trademark registration is the Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan (IPO Pakistan). Trademark registration in Pakistan can be processed through a "single application" or via the "Madrid International Registration" system.

Registrable Trademarks

Trademarks that can be registered in Pakistan include:

• Word marks: Names, letters, numbers, etc.;
• Figurative marks: Logos, patterns, designs;
• Color combinations;
• Three-dimensional shapes;
• Sound marks (non-traditional trademarks);
• Other signs: As long as they can distinguish the source of goods or services.

Trademark Classification

Pakistan follows the Nice Classification, dividing goods and services into 45 classes:

• Classes 1 to 34: Goods;
• Classes 35 to 45: Services.

Each class requires a separate application, as Pakistan does not accept multi-class applications on a single form.

Trademark Registration Process

The main steps for trademark registration are as follows:

Trademark Search (Optional)
Before filing an application, it is recommended to conduct a trademark search to ensure the proposed trademark does not conflict with existing ones. Searches can be conducted through the IPO Pakistan database.

Filing the Application
Applications can be submitted either in physical form or online (IPO Pakistan provides an electronic filing service).

Examination Process
Once the application is filed, the IPO Pakistan conducts the following examinations:

• Formal Examination: Ensures all required documents are complete;
• Substantive Examination: Evaluates the distinctiveness, legality, and any conflicts with existing trademarks.

If the trademark meets the requirements, it moves to the next stage. If not, the applicant will receive a rejection notice and may submit amendments or an appeal.

Publication and Opposition
After passing the examination, the trademark is published in the official Trademark Journal for a period of two months. During this time, third parties may file an opposition.

• If the opposition is valid, the application may be rejected.
• If no opposition is filed or the opposition is dismissed, the application proceeds to registration.

Registration and Issuance of Certificate
Once the opposition period ends, the trademark is registered, and a registration certificate is issued.

Trademark Validity and Renewal

• Validity: Registered trademarks are valid for 10 years from the date of approval.
• Renewal: Trademarks can be renewed indefinitely, with each renewal valid for 10 years. Renewal applications must be filed within 6 months before expiration. A grace period of 6 months is available (subject to additional fees). Trademarks not renewed within the grace period cannot be restored.

Priority Claim

Pakistan is a member of the Paris Convention, allowing applicants to claim a 6-month priority based on an earlier application in another member country. Priority documents must be submitted as proof.